Vol. 4, Issue 2, Part E (2022)

India's third-most significant dual purpose cold season pulse crop, lathyrus, covers 0.58 million acres and produces 0.43 million tonnes annually. Increasing vegetative growth might be a practical method of increasing feed output. Inducing auto-polyploidy and comparing the polyploids to their diploid counterparts are the two main objectives of this investigation, to find out whether polyploidy has any advantages over its diploid counterparts. Three different colchicine concentrations were used to treat the seeds of the Prateek genotypes of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) to induce polyploidy (0.02 percent, 0.04 percent and 0.05 percent). Their diploid counterparts were compared to see how polyploidy differ them. Observations of stomata, nucleus size, plant height, number of branches per plant, leaf area, and number of leaves are all morphological attributes that are more varied. There are considerable variations in flower and seed proportions. The amount of seeds and stomatal cells were significantly different in a negative way. Size of the nucleus (µm2), stomatal length and width(µm), blossom length (cm) and width (cm), days to first blooming, number of flowers per plant, number of seeds per plant, seed length (mm), seed width (mm) and ten seed weight were all found to have positive significant differences. Induction of polyploidy produced a taller, more branching plant with an increase in seed weight of 10 seeds. This strategy could be used in plant breeding initiatives to increase the yield of fodder.