Vol. 6, Issue 1, Part A (2024)

Background: Obesity is a common disease around the world and is considered a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes, which is characterized by the body’s lack of response to the insulin produced, which leads to high blood sugar levels. Thyroid hormones also affect metabolic processes in the body and may play a role in causing obesity. This study is concerned with knowing the levels of thyroid hormones and adipocytokine levels and the relationship between them, to find out the causes of obesity and diabetes, or to identify risk factors for the purpose of developing solutions for them and eliminating complications and future problems caused by both diabetes and obesity. 
Aims of the study: The relationship between thyroid hormones and adipocytokine levels and their effect on obesity and diabetes in men. 
Methodology: A study using a case-control design. The study comprised a sample of 100 men who were obese and diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, alongside a control group of 50 men who were in good health. From October 10, 2023 to October 1, 2024, data was gathered from patients at Al-Habbobi Teaching Hospital, including their age, weight, and height. Fasting blood sugar was quantified using a spectrophotometer, HbA1c levels were measured using the AVIAS-6 device, and adipocytokines were assessed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of C-peptide and thyroid hormones were measured using COBAS. 
Results: The results showed that there is no statistical significance in age between the two groups. There is also a statistical significance in the body mass index between the two groups. The results showed that the levels of leptin, resistin, and adiponectin showed a significant decrease in the obese group compared to the control group. FT4 levels also showed a significant decrease in the patient group compared to the control group. The levels of TSH and Free T3 were significant increase in obese group. Regarding cholesterol, HDL, and LDL, there are no statistical differences between the two groups. As for Triglyceride-VLDL, HbA1c, fasting blood sugar, and C-peptide, the results showed a significant increase in the obese group compared to the control group. 
Conclusion: Adipocytokine levels showed a significant decrease in the obese diabetic group, and this indicates its role in controlling sugar levels and insulin sensitivity. As for thyroid hormones, the results showed a significant decrease in thyroxine levels. This indicates the effect of adipocytokin on thyroxine levels and that the relationship between them has an effective role in controlling obesity and diabetes.