Vol. 7, Issue 11, Part A (2025)

Silk has been used for thousands of years, with both mulberry and wild silkworms contributing to its production. Mulberry silkworms provide fine, long, and smooth silk, while wild silks such as Tasar, Muga and Eri are stronger, naturally coloured, and highly dependent on forest ecosystems. In India, wild sericulture faces several persistent problems, including shortages of host plants, forest restrictions, irregular climatic conditions, and lack of scientific cultivation methods. Silkworm crops also suffer from diseases and pest attacks, which cause major losses. Poor-quality seed supply, labour-intensive operations, and limited technology adoption further reduce productivity. Muga silkworm rearing is particularly difficult due to multiple life cycles per year and environmental fluctuations. In addition, competition from cheaper synthetic fibres reduces the market demand for natural silk. To improve production, there is a need for efficient seed systems, disease control, forest management, and the integration of modern rearing technologies. With proper institutional support, forest policy adjustments, and rural training, Vanya silk culture could become a profitable and sustainable industry that enhances livelihood security in tribal regions.